Leibniz's Mill / Chinese Nation

BUT: Need to either accept that consciousness of this style is epiphenomenal (see phenomenal binding problem) or identify some specific causality that cannot be explained by the interaction of its parts, where that causality is also relevant for the nature of consciousness in the system.

The latter would typically require adopting a different view of causality/existence to the usual CF approach (in which logic gates/algorithms can be fully reduced to their parts), e.g. a mereology which creates (ontological) emergence perhaps by removing intrinsic existence from lower level entities, being the approach in Integrated Information Theory.

Alternatively, other notions of causality beyond contemporary physics could be explored, such as allowing for co-causality across mental and physical aspects in certain forms of dualism, whether coincidental in nature or constrained by law, or rejecting the fundamental nature of physics equations in favour of strong emergence.